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The primary raw material in the production of pottery is clay,听a hydrous aluminum silicate (Al₂O₃路2厂颈翱₂路2贬₂O).听It is formed by the decomposition of igneous rock through both chemical and physical processes (1).

Clay is a plastic substance and its plasticity allows it to be worked into a variety of shapes.听There are two main types of clay: primary and secondary. Primary听or residual clays are clays听that have not been moved from their place of formation, making them the purest form of clay and also the most rare. Primary clays are the most difficult to work or mold by themselves, as they have little plasticity and they require the addition of a more plastic material to make them workable. Primary clays fire at the highest temperatures,听are white in color, and mostly coarse-grained in texture.听

Secondary or sedimentary clays have been moved from their place of formation by the actions of water (in which case it is called ball clay) or wind and by erosion (in which case it is called fire clay). These clays fire at lower temperatures, are not white, and are much more plastic than primary clays.听

The clay beds in the Mediterranean regions are mostly secondary clays.听The composition of secondary clays differs depending not only on the parent rock but also on impurities that the clays听gathered on their movement听from their originating location to their final stratum and, for this reason, the sources of these clays can often be distinguished from one another. The clay from the region of Attica, for example, fires to a red-orange color because of the presence of iron oxides, while Corinthian clay, which has fewer iron oxides, fires to a light yellow color.听

Footnote

1. Toby Schreiber,听Athenian Vase Construction: A Potter's Analysis听(Malibu: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 1999): 3-8.

References

• J.V. Noble, "An Overview of the Technology of Greek and Related Pottery" in ed. H. A. G. Brijdger,听Ancient Greek and Related Pottery: Proceedings of the International Vase Symposium in Amsterdam, 12 -15 April 1984听(Amsterdam: Allard Pierson Museum, 1984): 31.听
• J.V. Noble,听The Techniques of Painted Attic Pottery听(London: Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1988).
• Susan Peterson,听The Craft and Art of Clay听(Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1996): 130 - 53.听
• Toby Schreiber,听Athenian Vase Construction: A Potter's Analysis听(Malibu: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 1999).